Satellite evidence on the trade-offs of the food-water–air quality nexus over the breadbasket of India

Access to food, water, and good air quality is indispensable for human life, however, pursuing food security may pose threats to water security and/or air quality. An important case is Punjab and Haryana, which is the ‘breadbasket’ of India. The rapid expansion of rice farming has stressed groundwater resources and impacted air quality. Satellite observations have the potential to provide data for better decisions on food security, water storage, and air pollution, which would be vital for regional sustainable development. The study also showcases remote sensing approaches and methods to support and aid the achievement of the SDGs and track their progress to support regional sustainable development.