Ecology and Management of Banni Grassland of Kachchh, Gujarat

Banni grasslands, located along the northern border of Kachchh district in the state of Gujarat, are among the largest 2 stretches of contiguous grassland in India. These grasslands are spread over an area of ca. 2618 km , and account for approximately 45% of the pastures in the state. Consisting of two ecosystems in juxtaposition, viz., wetlands and grasslands, Bannis fall under Dichahnthium-Cenchrus-Lasiurus type of grass cover. These grasslands harbor a rich array of flora and fauna including 192 species of plants, 262 species of birds, several species of mammals, reptiles and amphibians. Traditionally, Banni grasslands were managed following a system of rotational grazing. With the disintegration of traditional management practices, these grasslands are degrading rapidly due to excessive pressure from livestock grazing and increased soil salinity leading to invasion of Prosopis juliflora, water scarcity, climate change and desertification. This article provides a review of current status in terms of biophysical features, land use practices, threats and long term management strategies of these grasslands.