Entropy as an indicator of fragmented landscape - Northeast India case study.

Human-induced fragmentation in forest landscape involves the substitution of contiguous natural land covers by any natural, semi-natural or anthropogenic types, resulting in disconnected and isolated patches of nature1. In simple terms, patches consist of communities surrounded by a matrix with a dissimilar community struc ture or composition2. Fragmentation leads to habitat loss, isolation and edge ef fects3,4 and subsequent degradation of ecosystem. It is considered to have the largest impact of all drivers on biodiver sity change5. The main cause behind this increase is biotic impact in a